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Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) was long considered the gold standard to image flaws nondestructively in components. Offering a major advantage over conventional ultrasonic testing, PAUT provides 2D image representations of flaws in a weld as opposed to a mere A-scan signal that could be challenging to interpret (Figure 1). Phased array imaging made the understanding and analysis of flaws in a pipeline much easier, enabling inspectors to provide more valuable insights and information in their condition assessments without having to pause the pipeline activities (Figure 2).
As ultrasonic testing technology continues to evolve, imaging accuracy has greatly improved and, more importantly, detection and sizing of flaws has become easier owing to recent advances such as full matrix capture (FMC), total focusing method (TFM), and phase coherence imaging (PCI).